{"id":75,"date":"2018-11-15T11:13:09","date_gmt":"2018-11-15T11:13:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/depth\/?p=75"},"modified":"2018-11-19T16:39:04","modified_gmt":"2018-11-19T16:39:04","slug":"how-to-present-quotes-from-interview-transcripts-the-tidying-up-dilemma-including-what-do-with-your-own-less-than-perfect-sentences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/depth\/2018\/11\/15\/how-to-present-quotes-from-interview-transcripts-the-tidying-up-dilemma-including-what-do-with-your-own-less-than-perfect-sentences\/","title":{"rendered":"How to present quotes from interview transcripts: the \u2018tidying up\u2019 dilemma (including: what do with your own less-than-perfect sentences)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Two members of the DEPTH team, Cicely Marston<\/a> (supervisor) and Shelly Makleff<\/a> (PhD student) discuss how best to present quotations from interview transcripts when writing up. We talk about how to present \u2018untidy\u2019 speech (e.g. \u2018um\u2019, \u2018er\u2019, repetition), how much to \u2018tidy up\u2019 quotes, and the implications of any \u2018tidy up\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n

Shelly\u2019s interviews and analysis have been done in Spanish and the quotes she presents in the final write up are translated into English. Here we present a lightly edited version of a supervisory email interchange we thought might be useful to others. And we would love to hear your views<\/strong> in the comments \u2013 we certainly don\u2019t have all the answers. <\/em><\/p>\n

To leave a comment, make sure you’ve clicked<\/a> on this article’s headline so you are reading the post itself, not the DEPTH blog homepage.<\/em><\/p>\n

SM: How do you clean up a transcribed quote to present it in an article? Every time I cut some words, even just filler words, should I mark these omissions with an omission marker (such as [\u2026])? Or do I have the liberty to just cut those fillers without a [\u2026], in order to create a clean and readable quote?<\/p>\n

CM: In my opinion all cuts should be marked with an omission marker (e.g. [\u2026]). I have argued about this with a journal before because newspapers use\u00a0ellipses to indicate omissions (rather than a specific omission marker that only indicates omissions). The issue is that when you do this, there is no obvious way to mark pauses in someone speaking so you would need to find another pause marker that won\u2019t be confused with an omission marker. You could do this by writing [pause] every time, but this also makes quotes hard to read if there are a lot of pauses. When you are using translated quotations, it is less clear what to do because for instance, you might keep the translation \u2018clean\u2019 by not including every single one of the filler words (though I would recommend you keep them as much as possible where th<\/span>ere is a direct translation (e.g. in Mexican Spanish, hesitation where people say \u2018este\u2026\u2019 can be translated as \u2018um\u2026\u2019 in English), or at least if there is no direct equivalent, make sure you keep the spirit of the original which might have involved hesitations).<\/span><\/p>\n

For translations, where it is good practice to provide the original language version in an appendix, one way to get around this is to present the original language quotations with all the pause markers etc included, and then present \u2018tidied up\u2019 translations in the body of the article. If you do this, you should mention it in the methods section so the reader knows they can refer to the original language quotations. Note that \u2018tidying up\u2019 is particularly challenging when you are working in your non-dominant language, which is all the more reason to present the original language transcript excerpts verbatim.<\/span><\/p>\n

SM: Ok, so sounds\u00a0like you\u2019d always use [\u2026] to signify eve<\/span>ry piece of cut text in the article. For a conference poster, do you think it\u2019s ok to leave out the [\u2026] for filler words so it\u2019s smoother to read?<\/span><\/p>\n

CM: I would keep it precise i.e. show where you have edited \u2013 I assume you won\u2019t cut all the ums and errs. I get quite suspicious when I see a perfect quote because very very few people speak in complete sentences with no hesitations. if you genuinely think the hesitations are unimportant in any given instance, then you *can* edit them, but make sure there is a note that you have done this somewhere on the poster, for transparency.<\/p>\n

SM: If I\u2019m adding clarifying info in [], do I do that instead of or as well as the words that are being replaced?\u00a0In other words, would it be \u201cSo for them [the students]\u201d or \u201cSo for [the students]\u201d?<\/p>\n

CM: I would go with the longer version so that it is clear what they actually said versus what is your interpretation\/explanation.<\/p>\n

SM: Can I add punctuation and make sentences to create more clarity, when the speech was transcribed as a long run-on sentence?<\/p>\n

CM: Yes, definitely improve the punctuation \u2013 transcriptions are almost always badly punctuated, especially when the narrative includes reported speech, in which case transcribers often give up on attempting to punctuate it altogether \u2013 and to be fair it can take a while to get it right even if it is quite obvious without punctuation what the speaker has said. It is worth doing because it does make it much harder to read when transcripts not properly punctuated. If you are not sure how to punctuate the sentence from the transcript alone (e.g. it is unclear where the emphasis in the sentence was), you will need to go back to the original audio to ensure your \u2018new\u2019 punctuation correctly represents what was said.<\/p>\n

SM: I wish there were guidelines for this! In a quick internet search, I didn\u2019t find any, at least not that are clear per discipline. While looking for guidelines I did see an article about the diversity of perspectives among academics about how they edit qualitative quotes. One perspective in favour of editing out the filler words pointed out that if participants saw their own quote with all the filler words, they\u2019d feel embarrassed, and it isn\u2019t an expectation that everyone speaks perfectly but that as researchers we should present their ideas as clearly as possible in a way they\u2019d feel comfortable with. And actually, in Mexico when we shared the transcribed quotes with the health educators, they felt embarrassed about it, joking that they needed diction classes. They even made a meme of their horrified reactions when they read their words on paper and heard how they talked (see below). For the presentation of the data, we hadn\u2019t really cleaned up the quotes, it was mainly verbatim, but the idea still stands- the way we represented them didn\u2019t make them sound eloquent, and that embarrassed them.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

This meme was created by health educators in Mexico (Ana Karen Alameda Esquivel, Benjam\u00edn Israel Bellazet\u00edn Ru\u00edz, Yaret Guti\u00e9rrez Cruz, Karla Alejandra Medina Alc\u00e1ntara) who were research participants, in response to hearing us read out their own quotes verbatim. [Translation: first picture \u2013 when they give you the results from the course you implemented; second picture \u2013 when you see the transcription of how you speak].\u00a0 Presented here with their permission.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

CM. I agree that if the quotes have names attached to them, the person might prefer a \u2018cleaned\u2019 version, but your quotes are anonymised and so from an individual perspective I don\u2019t think that is too much of a concern.<\/p>\n

Having said that, it\u2019s true that original, not tidied-up quotations might contribute to\u00a0<\/span>a discourse of the \u2018other\u2019 being inarticulate. People who are looking for ways to find others inferior will likely find them regardless and so I\u2019m not sure that compromising the integrity of the transcript will help (although I\u2019m open to arguments to the contrary).<\/span><\/p>\n

Overall, though, going along with the idea that there is a \u2018better\u2019 way to speak brings its own problems. Should we all speak in perfect sentences? Who determines what is \u2018perfect\u2019 or \u2018best\u2019? This is especially difficult if you are trying to \u2018tidy up\u2019 sentences that were spoken in another language than our dominant language. As researchers we should commit to transparency. Interviewers who worry about their sentences should probably listen back to the interviews \u2013 they will hear that it sounds very normal, even if they hesitate, repeat words, use filler words, reframe questions and so on. It\u2019s important to build rapport \u2013 if you don\u2019t naturally speak in 100% full sentences in real life, why would you do so in an interview? Being inauthentic, or struggling to present a more perfect self, may well have a negative impact on the interview overall.<\/span><\/p>\n

What do you think? How have you handled these issues? Let us know in the comment section below. If you can’t see where, click on this article headline<\/a> and scroll to the bottom.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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