{"id":10285,"date":"2026-02-26T14:35:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T14:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/?p=10285"},"modified":"2026-02-26T14:35:46","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T14:35:46","slug":"sunshine-how-sir-leonard-hill-promoted-access-to-the-open-air-and-sunshine-in-england-in-the-1920s-lshtm-rare-book-blogs-no-15-february-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/2026\/02\/26\/sunshine-how-sir-leonard-hill-promoted-access-to-the-open-air-and-sunshine-in-england-in-the-1920s-lshtm-rare-book-blogs-no-15-february-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"SUNSHINE: how Sir Leonard Hill promoted access to the open air and sunshine in England in the 1920s. LSHTM Rare Book Blogs No. 15. February 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From the Sun King (Louis XIV) in 17<sup>th<\/sup> century France, who chose the sun as his personal emblem, to strains of The Temptations\u2019 1964 song \u2018My Girl\u2019 \u2014 \u201cI\u2019ve got sunshine on a cloudy day\u201d \u2014 the sun has long been recognised for giving life to all things and its positive effect on mental and physical health. One of the first scientists to promote it was the British physiologist, Sir Leonard Hill.<\/p>\n<p>Sir Leonard Erskine Hill (1862-1952), FRS, studied medicine at University College London before taking up a teaching position at the London Hospital Medical School. He was Director of Applied Physiology at the National Institute of Medical Research at Hampstead, London from 1914-1930. He died at Corton, near Lowestoft, on 30 March 1952.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"737\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/image-4.png 500w, https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/image-4-204x300.png 204w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Portrait of Sir Leonard Hill &#8211; Wellcome Collection (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Portrait_of_Sir_L.E._Hill,,_1866-1952_Wellcome_M0020244.jpg\">licensed under Creative Comms &#8211; CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Hill did not work at LSHTM but his son, Sir Austin Bradford Hill (1897-1991), epidemiologist, worked at the School from 1933-1961 and was Chair of Medical Statistics from1945. \u00a0In his honour, room LG08 of the LSHTM Keppel Street building is named the Bradford Hill Room.<\/p>\n<p>Sir Leonard Hill was a practical man who possessed the technical skills to design his own experiments and the research methodology to analyse the results. One of Hill\u2019s first challenges was to investigate the hazards associated with the rapid decompression of divers causing compressed-air illness or the bends, but it is for his later work on ventilation that he is best remembered. Hill analysed air-quality in factories where people worked in crowded, ill-ventilated rooms in which high temperatures were the norm and \u2018germs\u2019 circulated. Using the kata-thermometer, that Hill had invented in 1913, he measured heat loss from the body in different circumstances. He showed that in workplaces with poor air circulation and high room temperatures a worker\u2019s efficiency slowed in comparison with places where the air was circulating. He described this effect in his book <em>Health and environment<\/em> co-authored with James Argyll Campbell (1884-1944), a physiologist. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>At the end of World War One, Hill turned to study the nation\u2019s health and found that while infant mortality had improved due to welfare work, adult health had not. Soldiers who had seen active service and agricultural labourers \u2013 both groups exposed to working in the open air \u2013 had noticeably better, more robust health than people working indoors, Hill observed. \u00a0Hill\u2019s solution was to recommend the revival of physical exercise in the open air and the establishment of clubs for organized exercise regimes. Hill\u2019s advocacy of the benefits of sunshine is mentioned in <em>Health and environment<\/em> in only a few pages.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1014\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1-1014x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10301\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.9902558529352171;width:449px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1-1014x1024.jpg 1014w, https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1-297x300.jpg 297w, https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1-768x776.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1-1521x1536.jpg 1521w, https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1-54x54.jpg 54w, https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1-148x148.jpg 148w, https:\/\/blogs.lshtm.ac.uk\/library\/files\/2026\/02\/Hill-Rickets-1.jpg 1714w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1014px) 100vw, 1014px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Photo showing child patient with symptoms of rickets and after treatment by heliotherapy (Plate VII, opposite p. 142 in Hill and Campbell 1924)<\/p>\n<p>One year earlier in 1924, Hill published <em>Sunshine and open air<\/em> allowing him to expand and develop his theories. The theme was picked up by <em>The<\/em> <em>Times <\/em>in May 1928 which issued a 40-page supplement \u201cSunlight and health\u201d replete with illustrations and advertisements. One firm responded to the movement by developing a special type of glass &#8211; Vita glass. Vita glass was ideal for windows as it was permeable to ultraviolet radiation allowing for bodily exposure to sunlight even when indoors and clothed.<\/p>\n<p>Human reaction to the state of the weather &#8211; now called meteorosensitivity &#8211; dates to the Greeks, who believed there was a close connection between physical and mental health and the weather. You cannot change the weather, but you can improve your well-being by following Sir Leonard Hill\u2019s advice: go outside for the light and open windows to let in fresh air.<\/p>\n<p>References:<\/p>\n<p>DALE, H.H., 2004. Hill, Sir Leonard Erskine, in <em>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography<\/em> 27: 152-153.<\/p>\n<p>HILL, L., 1924. <em>Sunshine and open air, their influence on health, with special reference to the<\/em> Alpine<em> climate<\/em>. London: Edward Arnold. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>HILL, L., Sir &amp; CAMPBELL, A., 1925. <em>Health and environment.<\/em> London: Edward Arnold (LSHTM SB 1925)<\/p>\n<p><strong>LSHTM Library Rare Books Collection Blogs <\/strong>is an occasional posting highlighting books that are landmarks in the understanding of tropical medicine and public health.&nbsp; The Rare Books Collection was initiated by Cyril Cuthbert Barnard (1894-1959), the first Librarian, from donations and purchases, assisted with grants from the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust. There are approximately 1600 historically important rare and antiquarian books in the Rare Books Collection.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Many of the LSHTM Library\u2019s rare books were digitized as part of the UK Medical Heritage Library. This provides high-quality copyright-free downloads of over 200,000 books and pamphlets for the 19<sup>th<\/sup> and early 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. To help preserve the rare books, please consult the digital copy in the first instance.<\/p>\n<p>If the book has not been digitized or if you need to consult the physical object, please request access on the Library\u2019s Discover search service. Use the search function to find the book you would like to view. Click the title to view more information and then click \u2018Request\u2019. You can also email library @lshtm.ac.uk with details of the item you wish to view. A librarian will get in touch to arrange a time for you to view the item.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers wishing to view the physical rare books must abide by the Guidelines for using the archives and complete and sign a registration form which signifies their agreement to abide by the archive rules. More information is available on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lshtm.ac.uk\/research\/library-archive-open-research-services\/archives\/visiting-archives\">Visiting the Archives webpage<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the Sun King (Louis XIV) in 17th century France, who chose the sun as&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":859,"featured_media":10302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7575,81955,1],"tags":[18903,14017,27677],"class_list":["post-10285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books","category-historical-collection","category-uncategorised","tag-library","tag-lshtm","tag-rare-books","odd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SUNSHINE: how Sir Leonard Hill promoted access to the open air and sunshine in England in the 1920s. 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